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| Ischnura cervula | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Clade: | Pancrustacea |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Odonata |
| Suborder: | Zygoptera |
| Family: | Coenagrionidae |
| Genus: | Ischnura |
| Species: | I. cervula
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| Binomial name | |
| Ischnura cervula Selys, 1876
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Ischnura cervula, the Pacific forktail, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in Central America and North America.[2][3][1][4]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Ischnura cervula populations have been observed at spring habitats in Banff National Park, Canada, which rests many wetlands, slow-moving streams with surrounding vegetation.[5] A comprehensive California Odonata database also records the species' presence over a century of records, highlighting how the distribution has changed over time and recognizes any emergent patterns of freshwater biodiversity changes.[6]
Evolution
[edit]Ischnura cervula is notable for its female color Polymorphism (biology). Females can occur in a male-resembling Andromorphic form, in which females mimic males in coloration, or a heteromorph form, where females look distinctly different from males.[7] Furthermore, the species is placed within a North American clade of Ischnura damselflies that diversified during the Pleistocene ice age period likely due to habitat and climate changes over time.[8]
Ecology
[edit]Ischnura cervula are often an intermediate host of the native damselfly species commonly infected by the parasite Haematoloechus longiplexus, which are introduced by the American bullfrog.[9] Studies in Banff National Park have observed the breeding and population dynamics of the species in freshwater ecosystems.[5]
Conservation
[edit]The IUCN conservation status of Ischnura cervula is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2018.[1][10][11]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Paulson, D.R. (2018). "Ischnura cervula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T51361508A65836759. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T51361508A65836759.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ "Ischnura cervula Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
- ^ "Ischnura cervula". GBIF. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
- ^ "Ischnura cervula species Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
- ^ a b Hornung, Christine L. R.; Pacas, Charlie (2006-03-01). "Investigating damselfly populations at springs in Banff National Park, Canada, with special focus on Argia vivida, Amphiagrion abbreviatum, and Ischnura cervula (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)". Aquatic Ecology. 40 (1): 49–58. Bibcode:2006AqEco..40...49H. doi:10.1007/s10452-005-9017-z. ISSN 1573-5125.
- ^ Ball-Damerow, Joan E.; Oboyski, Peter T.; Resh, Vincent H. (2015-02-16). "California dragonfly and damselfly (Odonata) database: temporal and spatial distribution of species records collected over the past century". ZooKeys (482): 67–89. Bibcode:2015ZooK..482...67B. doi:10.3897/zookeys.482.8453. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 4337221. PMID 25709531.
- ^ Blow, Rachel; Willink, Beatriz; Svensson, Erik I. (2021-07-01). "A molecular phylogeny of forktail damselflies (genus Ischnura) reveals a dynamic macroevolutionary history of female colour polymorphisms". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 160 107134. Bibcode:2021MolPE.16007134B. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107134. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 33677008.
- ^ Sánchez-Guillén, Rosa A (December 1, 2020). "The evolutionary history of colour polymorphism in Ischnura damselflies (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)" (PDF).
- ^ Novak, Colin W.; Goater, Timothy M. (February 2013). "Introduced bullfrogs and their parasites: Haematoloechus longiplexus (Trematoda) exploits diverse damselfly intermediate hosts on Vancouver Island". The Journal of Parasitology. 99 (1): 59–63. doi:10.1645/GE-3145.1. ISSN 1937-2345. PMID 22924931.
- ^ "Odonata Central". Retrieved 2019-07-02.
- ^ "World Odonata List". Slater Museum of Natural History, University of Puget Sound. 2018. Retrieved 2019-07-02.
Further reading
[edit]- Kalkman, V. J. (2013). Studies on phylogeny and biogeography of damselflies (Odonata) with emphasis on the Argiolestidae (PhD). Leiden University. hdl:1887/22953.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Ischnura cervula at Wikimedia Commons
